"The [independent variable] causes a change in [dependent variable] and it is not possible that [dependent variable] could cause a change in [independent variable]." Week 4:532_slides_wk4.hypothesistesting2019.pptx Quiz 1: Descriptive Statistics and Measurement Creswell, Ch. 8 EDUC 532: excerpt from Salkind, Ch. 7 Locke, et al, Ch. 9 Reading Reports of Quantitative Research